资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
从主厨到自创品牌:台湾面包冠军林育玮北京再出发****** 中新社北京1月31日电 题:从主厨到自创品牌:台湾面包冠军林育玮北京再出发 中新社记者 李晗雪 2013年,当多数大陆消费者还闻所未闻“软欧包”、也尚不习惯以更高价格购买“不过是早点”的面包,以原麦山丘为代表的烘焙品牌横空出世,一度掀起“跨城代购”的热潮。当时的行政主厨、台湾地区面包大赛冠军林育玮,曾是原麦山丘品质保证的金字招牌。他从2012年便自台湾搬到北京加入原麦山丘,参与其初创到成熟的过程;但在2019年,林育玮选择了离开带来过无限风光的原麦山丘,自创烘焙品牌,重新出发。 资料图为林育玮制作面包。 中新社发 㞭客烘焙 供图林育玮近日接受中新社记者专访,聊起从初来北京到自创烘焙品牌的十年经历。 在原麦山丘工作的几年,林育玮从零开始熟悉大陆市场,了解到消费者希望吃到无香精色素的“原始”面包,他也是因此开发出“返璞归真”的软欧包产品。那时很多消费者关注到原麦山丘,正是因为这类“质朴面包”的稀缺性。 随着这种新烘焙标准的树立,几年间,大陆烘焙市场有了明显变化和成长,以店内新鲜烘焙与优质健康食材为卖点的手工面包店越来越多,“懂面包”的消费群体越来越大。林育玮认为,这是市场优化的标志。 资料图为㞭客烘焙店内陈列的烘焙产品。 中新社发 㞭客烘焙 供图林育玮表示,随着原麦山丘成长为成熟品牌,相应地不易再作太多新的尝试与改变;但作为面包师,他希望不断研究开发各类面包甜点,也希望消费者对他有新的了解。因此,2019年与原麦山丘合约期满时,他决定突破自己,重新创业。 2020年,林育玮与合伙人筹备自创烘焙品牌。这一次,他的身份从主厨变为创始人,这意味着除了产品研发,还要承担成本控制、人员培养等管理工作,压力更大。但过去八年积累的人脉与顾客群,给了他自立门户的底气。2021年8月,林育玮与合伙人在北京751艺术区开启了第一家“㞭客烘焙”。 资料图为㞭客烘焙的店铺。 中新社发 㞭客烘焙 供图㞭客的“㞭”字,巧妙化用了店铺所在的大山子社区名称,同时也是诚意“待客”的谐音。新店主打高品质吐司,同时售卖从欧包、曲奇到甜点几乎全品类的烘焙产品。对林育玮来说,这是一个更能实现想法的空间。他将面包作为一种生活方式分享给顾客,比如鼓励大家探索白吐司的100种吃法。他几乎每天都去店里,与顾客聊聊天,大部分时间则泡在厨房。 2021至2022年的疫情起伏,对新开业的店铺有更大的挑战。林育玮坦言疫情期间损失很重,但并未改变他在北京创业的信心,因为“消费者记得我们”。许多老顾客从他在原麦山丘工作时就一直喜爱他的产品,“㞭客”开张后也继续光顾;有住得远的顾客团购下单,还有顾客疫情中买一大单面包囤在家里。忠实顾客的支持和正向反馈,让他相信难关会过去。 在北京经营烘焙的压力,慢慢转为动力与活力。林育玮说,北京的生活步调是有点快,但对服务业来讲是好事,因为业者需要不断随之更新迭代、寻找新的商业资源。另一方面,他在北京结交到许多烘焙师朋友,大家定期聚会、探店,并且彼此间并不觉有竞争关系,反而是互相分享技术、讨论产品改进,“因为北京够大,大家各有各的特色与顾客群”。 资料图为林育玮制作面包。 中新社发 㞭客烘焙 供图“在北京生活很充实,现在回台湾像是休假。”今年春节,林育玮回台湾过年,也是在历经疫情中的创业初期后,有机会沉淀下来、思考未来发展。他对疫情后的大陆市场很乐观,今年打算去更多城市考察学习,同时还准备拓展新店,呈现更丰富的产品。他说,㞭客不会满足于做一间服务地方的精致小店,“未来,我们会朝着连锁专卖店去突破。”(完)
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